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N2

にもかかわらず

Despite, In spite of, Regardless, Nevertheless

彼かれが悪わるいにもかかわらず、私わたしに謝あやまらせようとしてきた。

Despite him being in the wrong, he tried to make me apologize.

Explanation

「にもかかわらず」 means 'in spite of...' and is the written version of 「のに」. The first part gives a good reason, so normally the second part would follow, but the opposite happens, with surprise, dissatisfaction or criticism: 「高熱があるにもかかわらず、彼は休まずに出勤した」 (Despite his high fever, he went to work without resting), 「あれほど注意されたにもかかわらず、また同じミスを繰り返した」 (Even though he was warned so many times, he made the same mistake again). Nouns and na-adjectives attach directly or with 「である」.

Mixed up with

「にもかかわらず」: hard written style; news, editorials, reports.

「のに」: the everyday one; complaint comes through most directly.

「ながら(も)」: the same person is in some state and yet does something contrary to it.

Examples

  1. 深夜しんやにもかかわらず上司じょうしが鬼電おにでんをしてきたので、労基ろうきに報告ほうこくしようと思おもう。

    Despite being late at night, my boss blew up my phone, so I'm thinking of reporting it to the labor standards inspection office.

  2. 喉のどが渇かわいているにもかかわらず、飲のみ物ものを与あたえないのは虐待ぎゃくたいだ。

    Not giving them anything to drink even though they're thirsty is abuse.

  3. 勘違かんちがいしたにもかかわらず、彼かれは一切いっさい謝あやまらない。

    Even though he made a mistake, he will never apologize.

Tested 2 times in past papers

N1 · Dec 2024, Q42N2 · Dec 2012, Q38