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N2

以来

いらい

Since, Henceforth

二に年ねん前まえにタバコをやめて以来いらい、一本いっぽんも吸すってない。

I haven't smoked a single cigarette ever since I quit 2 years ago.

Explanation

Follows a verb in the て form, or a noun for a point in the past, and means 'ever since ...'. From that point on, a state has continued up to now: 「日本に来て以来、ずっと元気です」 (I have been well ever since I came to Japan). The second part must be a continuing state, like 「ずっと~ている」 or 「一度も~ない」.

Mixed up with

The second part cannot be a one-time action: not 「×日本に来て以来、カメラを買った」.

「~てから」 has no such limit: 「日本に来てから、カメラを買った」 is fine.

A time only just past does not work with 「以来」: not 「×昨日以来」 or 「×さっき帰って以来」.

Examples

  1. 日本にほんに来きて以来いらい、全然ぜんぜん母国ぼこくの友達ともだちと連絡れんらくをとっていない。

    I haven't kept in touch with my friends back home ever since I moved to Japan.

  2. 入社にゅうしゃ以来いらい、あの先輩せんぱいには色々いろいろとお世話せわになっている。

    That senpai has helped me in many ways since I've joined the company.

  3. あの原稿げんこうを読よんで以来いらい、すっかり彼かれのファンになった。

    Since reading that manuscript, I have become a total fan of his.

Tested 3 times in past papers

N2 · Dec 2021, Q35N2 · Dec 2016, Q46N1 · Dec 2011, Q44