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N2

とも

Even if, No matter

親おやが何なんと言いおうとも、私わたしは彼かれと結婚けっこんするつもりだ。

No matter what my parents say, I intend on marrying him.

Explanation

「とも」 is a literary 'even if'. You suppose the worst case and say that even then the fact, truth or resolve that follows does not waver: 「たとえ嵐が吹こうとも、出発する」 (Even if a storm blows, we will set out). A verb takes the volitional form + 「とも」; an i-adjective takes 「く」 + 「とも」, as in 「遅くとも」 (at the latest) and 「少なくとも」 (at least). It is dignified written language, found in maxims, literature and speeches.

Mixed up with

「とも」: dignified and old-fashioned; a verb takes the volitional form (「行こうとも」); tone of an oath or conviction.

「ても」: the everyday form for both speech and writing (「行っても」).

Set phrases: 「遅くとも」, 「少なくとも」, 「どんなことがあろうとも」.

Examples

  1. 魚さかながどんなに暴あばれようとも、この糸いとは絶対ぜったいに切きれません。

    No matter how hard the fish thrashes around, this line will never break.

  2. 人生じんせいがいくら辛つらくとも、諦あきらめてはいけない。

    No matter how hard life is, you must not give up.

  3. どんなことになろうとも、国家こっかが破産はさんするのはまずありえない。

    Whatever happens, it is very unlikely that a nation would go bankrupt.

Tested 2 times in past papers

N1 · Dec 2022, Q39N1 · Jul 2014, Q27