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N4

れる・られる(受身)

れる・られる(うけみ)

Was done to ~ by ~, Done without consent, Done to one's dismay

急きゅうに義理ぎりの母ははに来こられると困こまる。

I feel troubled when my mother in law visits unannounced.

Explanation

「れる・られる(受身)」 has 3 uses

1Something done to you

Someone does something to the subject, and the doer takes 「に」: 「先生に褒められた」 I was praised by the teacher.

犬いぬに噛かまれるのが怖こわいから、犬いぬには近ちかづけない。

Because I am afraid of getting bitten by a dog, I can't approach them.

私わたしはいつも彼かれと比くらべられる。

I always get compared to him.

2Being troubled by it

Someone else's action, or the weather, affects you and causes trouble; this works with intransitive verbs too: 「雨に降られた」 I got caught in the rain.

急きゅうに義理ぎりの母ははに来こられると困こまる。

I feel troubled when my mother in law visits unannounced.

変へんな話はなしを親おやに聞きかれた。

My strange conversation was overheard by my parents.

3Your things are affected

Someone does something to your belongings or body; the person is the subject and the thing takes 「を」: 「財布を盗まれた」 I had my wallet stolen.

私わたしのアイスクリームを兄あにに食たべられた。

My ice cream was eaten by my brother.

私わたしの牛乳ぎゅうにゅうを全部ぜんぶ誰だれかに飲のまれた。

All of my milk was drunk by someone.

Mixed up with

The passive carries a feeling of being affected or put out. When someone does you a kindness, use 「~てもらう」, not the passive: not 「×友達に日本語を教えられた」 but 「友達に日本語を教えてもらった」.

Many learners find 「雨に降られる」 and 「泣かれる」 strange, but they are very common in Japanese.

Do not say 「×私の財布が盗まれた」; put the person first: 「私は財布を盗まれた」.

Examples

1Something done to you

  1. 私わたしは部屋へやをきれいにして、褒ほめられた。

    I was praised for cleaning my room.

  2. 犬いぬに噛かまれるのが怖こわいから、犬いぬには近ちかづけない。

    Because I am afraid of getting bitten by a dog, I can't approach them.

2Being troubled by it

  1. 変へんな話はなしを親おやに聞きかれた。

    My strange conversation was overheard by my parents.

  2. 昨日きのう友達ともだちの家いえが泥棒どろぼうに入はいられた。

    Yesterday, my friend's house was broken into by a robber.

3Your things are affected

  1. 私わたしの牛乳ぎゅうにゅうを全部ぜんぶ誰だれかに飲のまれた。

    All of my milk was drunk by someone.

  2. 私わたしのアイスクリームを兄あにに食たべられた。

    My ice cream was eaten by my brother.

Tested 17 times in past papers

N2 · Jul 2025, Q48N3 · Jul 2024, Q44N3 · Jul 2023, Q41N3 · Jul 2023, Q55N4 · Dec 2021, Q37N4 · Dec 2021, Q40N3 · Jul 2021, Q44N3 · Dec 2020, Q56N3 · Dec 2019, Q58N3 · Dec 2018, Q54N3 · Dec 2016, Q40N2 · Dec 2016, Q53N2 · Jul 2015, Q52N3 · Dec 2013, Q47N3 · Jul 2012, Q55N4 · Jul 2010, Q45N4 · Jul 2010, Q49