N4
れる・られる(受身)
れる・られる(うけみ)
Was done to ~ by ~, Done without consent, Done to one's dismay
急に義理の母に来られると困る。
I feel troubled when my mother in law visits unannounced.
Explanation
「れる・られる(受身)」 has 3 uses
1Something done to you
Someone does something to the subject, and the doer takes 「に」: 「先生に褒められた」 I was praised by the teacher.
犬に噛まれるのが怖いから、犬には近づけない。
Because I am afraid of getting bitten by a dog, I can't approach them.
私はいつも彼と比べられる。
I always get compared to him.
2Being troubled by it
Someone else's action, or the weather, affects you and causes trouble; this works with intransitive verbs too: 「雨に降られた」 I got caught in the rain.
急に義理の母に来られると困る。
I feel troubled when my mother in law visits unannounced.
変な話を親に聞かれた。
My strange conversation was overheard by my parents.
3Your things are affected
Someone does something to your belongings or body; the person is the subject and the thing takes 「を」: 「財布を盗まれた」 I had my wallet stolen.
私のアイスクリームを兄に食べられた。
My ice cream was eaten by my brother.
私の牛乳を全部誰かに飲まれた。
All of my milk was drunk by someone.
Mixed up with
The passive carries a feeling of being affected or put out. When someone does you a kindness, use 「~てもらう」, not the passive: not 「×友達に日本語を教えられた」 but 「友達に日本語を教えてもらった」.
Many learners find 「雨に降られる」 and 「泣かれる」 strange, but they are very common in Japanese.
Do not say 「×私の財布が盗まれた」; put the person first: 「私は財布を盗まれた」.